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    • Open Access Article

      1 - Investigating the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the six-factor model of achievement goals questionnaire in the students of the junior and senior high schools
      Mohsen Arbezi Mahboubeh Fouladchang
      Issue 4 , Vol. 26 , Winter 2023
      The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Elliott, Mariyama and Pekran Achievement Goal Questionnaire in two groups of junior high school and high school students. Therefore, in the form of a psychometric study to evaluate the va More
      The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Elliott, Mariyama and Pekran Achievement Goal Questionnaire in two groups of junior high school and high school students. Therefore, in the form of a psychometric study to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Achevement Goal Questionnaire; 699 students (279 junior high school students, 420 high school students) of evaz city (located in the south of Fars) who were studying in the academic year 400-99; Multi-stage random cluster sampling method was selected; And answered the questionnaires of achievement goals, academic engagement, academic self-regulation and intrinsic motivation. Data were analyzed using correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the six components of task orientation, task avoidance, self-orientation, self-avoidance, other-approach and other-avoidance. Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine the reliability of the scale; All coefficients indicated acceptable internal consistency of the components of the development goals. The results show that the Elliott et al.'s Achievement Goal Questionnaire has good validity and reliability in junior high and high school students; And has the necessary efficiency to measure the goals of that progress. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      2 - Examining the Relationship between Academic Engagement with Academic Procrastination, School Absenteeism and Academic Performance with Mediating Role of Academic Buoyancy in Students
      vali piri Manijhe Shehni Yailagh Askar atashafrouz
      Issue 4 , Vol. 26 , Winter 2023
      The objective of the current study is evaluating the precedent model (academic engagement) and the consequences (academic procrastination, absenteeism and academic performance) of academic buoyancy in high school students in Ilam province. This inquiry is a correlationa More
      The objective of the current study is evaluating the precedent model (academic engagement) and the consequences (academic procrastination, absenteeism and academic performance) of academic buoyancy in high school students in Ilam province. This inquiry is a correlational study that with regards to the nature of the research and its objectives, the structural equation modeling method is used. The statistical population includes all 11th grade high school students in Ilam province and the research sample includes 625 subjects selected as cluster sampling. Data were collected using the Rio and Tseng (2011) Student Engagement Questionnaire, Martin & Marsh (2008) and Solomon & Roth Bloom (1984) academic procrastination questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was used to calculate the results. The model indices showed that the model is data fit. The results indicated that there is a direct positive and significant relationship between academic buoyancy and academic performance, academic engagement and academic buoyancy. There is also a direct negative and significant relationship between academic buoyancy and academic procrastination and students' absence from school, school absenteeism and academic performance. academic procrastination and academic performance. Other results of the study are that there is an indirect negative relationship between academic engagement and academic procrastination and absenteeism through academic mediation, and a positive and significant indirect relationship between academic achievement and academic performance through students' academic performance through academic procrastination. Also, absenteeism from school has a significant indirect relationship. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      3 - Providing a model of connection with school based on identity styles and school atmosphere with the mediation of academic self-efficacy
      علیرضا مرآتی Ezatollah Ghadampour
      Issue 4 , Vol. 26 , Winter 2023
      Several variables play a role in the relationship between the student and the school and affect it. This research was done with the aim of providing a model of connection with school based on identity styles and school atmosphere with the mediation of academic self-effi More
      Several variables play a role in the relationship between the student and the school and affect it. This research was done with the aim of providing a model of connection with school based on identity styles and school atmosphere with the mediation of academic self-efficacy. The statistical population of the study was all 3600 first year high school students in Kangavar in the academic year 1399-1400. For this purpose, 520 students were selected by cluster sampling method and questionnaires related to Rezaei Sharif et al. (2014). School atmosphere Lee et al. (2017), Identity style Brzezinski (1992) And Academic Self-Efficacy of Jenks & Morgan (2003) Completed electronically.. After collecting data, structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed model and hypotheses. The results showed that school style and identity style have a significant and positive relationship with academic self-efficacy and connection with school. The style of school identity and atmosphere also affects the connection with the school through self-efficacy. According to the fit of the developed model, the findings show that paying attention to the variables of identity style, school style and self-efficacy can lead to an increase in school connection in students. In order to improve the connection with the school, it seems necessary to pay attention to the styles of academic self-efficacy, identity and school atmosphere. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      4 - The effect of students social-emotional competence on academic resilience mediated by academic self-efficacy and hope
      narges pourtaleb rahim badri
      Issue 4 , Vol. 26 , Winter 2023
      The current research was correlational research and the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social-emotional competence and academic resilience, considering the mediating role of academic self-efficacy and hope in a sample of Iranian students. In More
      The current research was correlational research and the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social-emotional competence and academic resilience, considering the mediating role of academic self-efficacy and hope in a sample of Iranian students. In this study, 283 humanities science students were selected by cluster random sampling. The variables were measured using the questionnaires of social-emotional competence (Zoe and E, 2012), Cassidy academic resilience (2016), academic self-efficacy (Jamali et al., 2013) and Schneider hope (2000). Statistical analysis of data was performed using AMOS software and path analysis method. The results of path analysis showed that the theoretical model has a good fit with the data. In addition, there is a significant positive relationship between social-emotional competence with resilience (r = 0.36), academic self-efficacy (r = 0.53) and hope (r = 0.47) with academic resilience. The mediating role of academic self-efficacy and hope in the relationship between these two variables was also confirmed. The perspective of this study is to create a basis for experimental research in line with research variables to examine the effectiveness of interventions based on social-emotional competence on academic resilience by considering the moderating variables. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      5 - Mediating role of differentiation of self in the causal relationship between depression and martial satisfaction in married women
      Maryam Mardani Soodabeh   Bassak Nejad Rerza   Mansouri Koryani
      Issue 4 , Vol. 26 , Winter 2023
      The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression and marital satisfaction with the mediating role of self-differentiation in women in Ahvaz. This descriptive-correlation research was conducted through structural equation modeling by multivari More
      The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression and marital satisfaction with the mediating role of self-differentiation in women in Ahvaz. This descriptive-correlation research was conducted through structural equation modeling by multivariate correlation method. 260 married women in Ahvaz in 1399 were selected by convenience sampling. The instruments used were Differentiation of Self Inventory (Skowron & Friedlander, 1998), Enrich martial Satisfaction Questionnaire (cited in Soleymanian, 1994) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data and bootstrap method was used to investigate the mediating effects. Structural equation modeling analyzes confirmed that the fit of the proposed model is appropriate. The results showed that depression syndrome directly affects the variable of marital satisfaction (p = 0.001) and also the results of indirect path analysis showed that depression syndrome through mediation of its differentiation and its subscales (emotional separation, Emotional reaction, my position and interaction with others) have been effective on marital satisfaction (p = 0.001). According to the obtained results, the discussion of differentiation seems necessary and familiarizing couples with this variable at the time of marriage leads to more satisfaction in marriage and their marital relationship. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      6 - Five major personality factors in the psychological distress of an improved covid-19 population: The moderating role of gender
      Maedeh Ahadi Jafar Hasani Mehdi Akbari
      Issue 4 , Vol. 26 , Winter 2023
      The global prevalence and unprecedented COVID-19 disease is a serious threat to public health and increases psychological distress in individuals. It is crucial to study the structural model of COVID-19 psychological factors associated with COVID-19 and the lack of prev More
      The global prevalence and unprecedented COVID-19 disease is a serious threat to public health and increases psychological distress in individuals. It is crucial to study the structural model of COVID-19 psychological factors associated with COVID-19 and the lack of previous research on this issue presented in this study. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of gender modulation in the relationship between the five major factors of personality and psychological distress in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Improved patients of Covid-19 (N= 705; Age range 25-80 years, women= 63/20%; Mean age = 41/32, SD = 11/05 years). They were selected from Sasan and Baqiyatallah hospitals by available sampling method. The instruments used were the Five Personality-Short Form Questionnaire (BFI-S) and the Psychological Distress Scale (K10). R software (Lavan) package was used to analyze the data. Openness in women increases anxiety, but in men, it reduces anxiety. Moreover, the effect of openness on distress in the two groups of men and women was statistically significant (P = 0.002); Extraversion was also associated with decreased anxiety in men (P = 0.000); therefore, gender is the moderator of these relationships. These results explain the process of psychological distress by considering personality factors and the critical role of gender as a moderator and the need to pay attention to intervention approaches to reduce the effects of psychological distress in the research literature. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      7 - The Effectiveness of Self-Compassion Intervention on Impulsivity among the Students Experienced Romantic Breakup
      Mohsen Badakhshan Mehdireza Sarafraz Mahdi Imani
      Issue 4 , Vol. 26 , Winter 2023
      The present study aims at exploring the effectiveness and continuity of the effect of self-compassion intervention on the impulsivity of students who have experienced a romantic breakup. We used a semi-experimental research design with pre-test, post-test, and one-month More
      The present study aims at exploring the effectiveness and continuity of the effect of self-compassion intervention on the impulsivity of students who have experienced a romantic breakup. We used a semi-experimental research design with pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up with a control group. The population includes all the students who were studying at 98-99 in Shiraz universities. We selected 27 students (12 in the experimental and 15 in the control group) by convenience sampling, in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria. To gather the data, Neff’s Self-Compassion Scale and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale were used. In the experimental group, Neff’s self-compassion intervention was conducted (in eight sixty-minute sessions), but there was no intervention in the control group. Finally, the data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance. Results demonstrated that self-compassion intervention was effective in decreasing impulsivity in the students who have experienced romantic breakups; the effectiveness also continued in the one-month follow-up. Self-compassion could decrease impulsivity by reducing the unpleasant feeling stemming from falling the self-worth and self-esteem occurring after a romantic breakup. It also decreases impulsivity by increasing self-awareness and self-control. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      8 - The effect of Test Anxiety management training on Mindfulness, Psychological flexibility and Resilience in students with Test Anxiety
      saeideh zahed neda nezhadhamdy mehdi arabzadeh reyhane rahimi Fereshteh Cheraghi
      Issue 4 , Vol. 26 , Winter 2023
      The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of test anxiety management training on the mindfulness, psychological flexibility and resilience in students with test anxiety. The design of this study was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and control gr More
      The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of test anxiety management training on the mindfulness, psychological flexibility and resilience in students with test anxiety. The design of this study was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and control group, and the population of the study included all female high school students in Rasht in the academic year of 2019-2020, who after performing a diagnostic test in order to identify students with test anxiety, the 34 participants were assigned randomly in control and experimental groups of 17. Test Anxiety Questionnaire, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, psychological flexibility questionnaire and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were completed, as the pre-test, by both groups, and after nine test anxiety training sessions, were given again to the groups, as the post-test. The data were analyzed by one-way ANCOVA. The results indicated that test anxiety training is effective to improve psychological flexibility and resilience, but no significant effect was observed on mindfulness. These findings have implicit applications for teachers and educators. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      9 - The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on Stress Management, Problem Solving Skills of Mothers with Mentally Disabilities Children
      azam mohammadi ali rezaie Fatemeh Izadi
      Issue 4 , Vol. 26 , Winter 2023
      The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on stress management and problem solving skills of mothers with mentally Disabilities children aged 7 to 12 years in Najafabad. The research design was quasi-experimental a More
      The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on stress management and problem solving skills of mothers with mentally Disabilities children aged 7 to 12 years in Najafabad. The research design was quasi-experimental and pre-test post-test with the control group. In this study, purposive sampling method was used. For this purpose, from the statistical population of this study that all mothers with mentally Disabilities children were studying in the exceptional school of Shahid Sarban 2 in Najafabad in 2016-2017, based on the inclusion and exit criteria, 30 people were selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups. And controls were replaced. The instruments used in the present study were: Standard Questionnaire of Stress Management Strategies Scale Cobain et al. (1990), Hepnopperson Problem Solving Questionnaire (1982). After applying the independent variable on the experiment group, both groups were tested again by the tests; The results were analyzed by SPSS software and analysis of covariance. The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy had an effect on increasing stress management and increasing mothers' problem-solving skills in the experimental group in the post-test phase and the changes in the experimental group were statistically significant compared to the control group (P <0.05). Treatment of stress management components such as optimism, time management, recreational activity, and relaxation has also been significant. In problem-solving skills, it has been significant in the components of tendency-avoidance and personal control style. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      10 - Mediation of achievement motivation in the relationship between sports identity and athletic performance of adolescent athletes
      Fatemah Keshir nokandeh Morteza Homayounnia Firoozjah Alireza Homayouni
      Issue 4 , Vol. 26 , Winter 2023
      The aim of this study was to mediate the role of achievement motivation in the relationship between sports identity and athletic performance of adolescent athletes. The research was a descriptive correlational study based on structural equation modeling. The statistical More
      The aim of this study was to mediate the role of achievement motivation in the relationship between sports identity and athletic performance of adolescent athletes. The research was a descriptive correlational study based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study included all male adolescents aged 15 to 18 years in Gorgan and 220 adolescent athletes were selected as sample. Data collection tools included three questionnaires to examine research variables. Findings showed that there is a significant positive relationship between sports identity and achievement motivation with sports performance and the research model was confirmed in general 41% of sports performance can be explained by sports identity and achievement motivation. Also, the variables of sports identity and achievement motivation have a significant direct effect on sports performance. The results of this study emphasize the need for the role of identity and motivation and ultimately sports performance in athletes. Manuscript profile
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    • Open Access Article

      1 - Mediating Effect of Moral Disengagement on the Relationship between Dark Traits of Personality and Infidelity Tendency
      Sajjad Basharpoor Mir Nader Miri
      Issue 3 , Vol. 22 , Autumn 2018
      This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dark traits of personality with infidelity tendency and role of moral disengagement as a mediator. Hence, 204 individuals, were selected by means of multistage cluster sampling from district 8 in Tehran and compl More
      This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dark traits of personality with infidelity tendency and role of moral disengagement as a mediator. Hence, 204 individuals, were selected by means of multistage cluster sampling from district 8 in Tehran and completed The Dark Triad Personality Questionnaire (Jonson and Webster, 2010), Moral Disengagement Questionnaire (Bandura, 1995), and Infidelity Tendency Questionnaire (Polat, 2006). Data were analyzed using the correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Findings from analysis showed that each of dark traits of personality had significant correlation with moral disengagement and infidelity tendency variables and also moral disengagement had a significant correlation with infidelity tendency. On the other hand, traits of Narcissism and Machiavellianism in addition to direct effect by moral disengagement have indirect effect over infidelity tendency. Finally, according to findings, it can be expressed that infidelity tendency the relation between traits of Narcissism and Machiavellianism with infidelity tendency plays a mediating role. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      2 - A Study of Psychometric Properties of Future Time Perspective Scale (FTPS) and its Relation to Academic Achievement
      Mohsen Afshar Elahe Hejazi Javad Ejei Nahid Sadeghi
      Issue 2 , Vol. 22 , Summer 2018
      The present study aims at investigating psychometric properties of Future Time Perspective Scale (FTPS) among a sample of senior high school students and to determine its role in predicting their academic achievement. To this end 527 senior high school students in Karaj More
      The present study aims at investigating psychometric properties of Future Time Perspective Scale (FTPS) among a sample of senior high school students and to determine its role in predicting their academic achievement. To this end 527 senior high school students in Karaj (city in Alborz Province) during the school year 2015-2016, were chosen using stratified proportional sampling and completed a questionnaire which consists of Future Time Perspective Scale (FTPS) and futurist present subscale. Exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that the structure of Future Time Perspective Scale (FTPS) after varimax rotation was clearly indicated the existence of four independent factors that is almost consistent with Husman and Shell (2008) classification of the items but second-order confirmatory factor analysis showed insignificant factorial load of extension component on future time perspective construct. Therefore, we can conclude that future time perspective of Iranian students only consist of three components: connection, value and speed. The results indicated acceptable reliability of FTPS. Regression analysis showed that these three factors significantly predict student's academic achievement. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      3 - Structural Relationship between Child Abuse and Emotion Dysregulation with Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder
      Talieh Moosavihondori Majid Mahmoud Alilou Yaser Madani
      Issue 2 , Vol. 22 , Summer 2018
      This research aims to investigate the structural relationship between child abuse and emotion dysregulation with symptoms of borderline personality disorder three hundred and seventy seven participants were chosen from Shiraz university students through convenience samp More
      This research aims to investigate the structural relationship between child abuse and emotion dysregulation with symptoms of borderline personality disorder three hundred and seventy seven participants were chosen from Shiraz university students through convenience sampling method. All participants completed Child Abuse Questionnaire, Difficulties in Emotion Dysregulation Scale and Schizotypal Trait Questionnaire (B form). Data were analyzed using SMART-PLS software and multiple regression. Findings suggest that among main types of child abuse, neglect relates to symptoms of borderline personality disorder directly and indirectly through emotion dysregulation as mediator variable. In addition, child emotional and sexual abuse both indirectly relate to symptoms of borderline personality disorder, through emotion dysregulation as mediator variable. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      4 - The Effectiveness of Group Counseling "Narrative Therapy" on Family Functioning among Women with Addicted Husbands
      Mohammad Khodayarifard Gholamreza Sohrabpour Elahe Hejazi
      Issue 2 , Vol. 22 , Summer 2018
      The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of group counseling "Narrative therapy" on family functioning among women with addicted husbands. Present research was an experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design along with follo More
      The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of group counseling "Narrative therapy" on family functioning among women with addicted husbands. Present research was an experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design along with follow up 1 month and 3 month. Participants were 44 persons of the 10 region of Tehran who had family functioning score lower than the mean of statistical population. They were selected based on the voluntary sampling procedure, and were also randomly assigned to two groups, experimental and control. After the early loss, each group was include 20 persons and is evaluated by Family Assessment Device (FAD) after doing interview in the same condition. The experimental group received 10 sessions of group counseling "Narrative therapy" and the control group did not received any intervention. Both groups were evaluated again at the end of intervention, 1 month and also 3 month after that. Data analyzed with repeated measure analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc test. Family functioning the (problem solving, communication, roles, affective responsiveness, affective involvement, behavior control and general functioning) of women who received the sessions of group counseling "Narrative therapy" was improved significantly rather than they who did not received that. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      5 - The Moderating Role of Interal-External Locus of Control in the Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Social Anxiety in Adolescents
      Seyed Valliollah Mousavi Sajjad Rezaei Setareh Atefi Karajvandani Hamid Javanparast
      Issue 2 , Vol. 22 , Summer 2018
      The present study aims to investigate the mediator role of locus of control in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety in adolescents. The statistical population included all male and female students of studying in state and non-state high More
      The present study aims to investigate the mediator role of locus of control in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety in adolescents. The statistical population included all male and female students of studying in state and non-state high schools in Rasht District 1 in the academic year 2015-16. In a cross-sectional cluster sampling selected 400 students and responded to Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A), Yang Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire and Rutter Locus of Control Scale. The collected data were analyzed by using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, Mediation hierarchical regression analysis with Baron and Kenny method. Pearson correlation analyses indicate a significant positive relationship between schemas of Disconnection/Rejection domain, Impaired Autonomy and/or Performance domain, Impaired Limits domain, Other-Directedness domain, Overvigilance/Inhibition domain and social anxiety, with values of 0.60, 0.55, 0.39, 0.54, 0.50 respectively. The results also revealed that this association, locus of control is not capable to modifying of the relationship between social anxiety and early maladaptive schemas (in any of domains). Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      6 - Psychologists' Professional Codes of Ethics in Iran, America, Canada, England, and Australia
      Behnaz Dowran Ali Fathi-Ashtiani
      Issue 4 , Vol. 22 , Winter 2018
      the present study compares psychologists' professional Codes of Ethics in Iran, America, Canada, England, and Australia. The study population consisted of all countries with professional Codes of Ethics, of which, America, Canada, Britain, Australia, and Iran were purpo More
      the present study compares psychologists' professional Codes of Ethics in Iran, America, Canada, England, and Australia. The study population consisted of all countries with professional Codes of Ethics, of which, America, Canada, Britain, Australia, and Iran were purposively selected due to their progressiveness in the development of professional Codes of Ethics, and their ethical principles and standards were compared. The results obtained showed that with the exception of Iran and America, all codes studied had defined the basic concepts and terminologies after introduction. In addition, they all contained two main sections, namely, general principles and standards. The general principles were almost the same and common in these codes, and included respect for people's dignity, accountability, integrity, no discrimination or injustice, philanthropy, and avoidance of harm. The ethical standards in Iran’s and America's codes appear independently from the general principles. Meanwhile, the standards are presented under relevant ethical principles in the Australian, Canadian, and British codes. Iran's standards of ethical codes almost exactly match those of America's, and the only difference is in the order of presenting standards of "Accountability" and "Storing registered information and fees" and the extent of explanations and details. According to the present study, the following changes can contribute to a greater understanding and practicability of Iran's Code of Ethics: Providing definitions and explanations for specialized terminologies and general principles, adding more details to standards and considering local culture and religion. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      7 - The Mediating Role of Positive and Negative Affect in the Relationship between Meaning in Life and Mental Health
      Leila Mohammadi Mohammad Ali Besharat Mohammad Reza Rezazade Masoud Gholamali Lavasani
      Issue 2 , Vol. 22 , Summer 2018
      The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of positive and negative affect in the relationship between meaning in life and mental health. The sample consisted of 337 students (153 males and 184 females) from University of Tehran at three levels: BA, More
      The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of positive and negative affect in the relationship between meaning in life and mental health. The sample consisted of 337 students (153 males and 184 females) from University of Tehran at three levels: BA, MA and PHD. Participants are chosen by available sampling. The students answered the Crumbaugh Maholick (1964) Meaning of Life Questionnaire, Veit and Ware (1983) Mental Health Inventory and Watson et al (1988) Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. For analyzing data, we used some indexes such as Frequency, Percent, Standard deviation, Pearson correlation test and for proving the mediating role, we used Pathway analysis. The results showed a significant positive and negative relationship between meaning in life and psychological well-being as well as psychological distress. The Pathway analysis showed that positive and negative affect has mediating role in the relationship between meaning in life and mental health. According to the result, it can be concluded that, attention to meaning in life and improve it in students life lead to increasing positive affect and as a result can influence mental health and decrease expression of negative affect and psychological distress level. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      8 - Language Development in Persian-Speaking 6- to 7-Year-Old Children
      Mahnaz  Dehghan Tezerjani Parvin Kadivar Mohammad Hosein Abdollahi Hamid Reza Hasanabadi
      Issue 2 , Vol. 22 , Summer 2018
      Aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of cognitive abilities, socio-economic status, home literacy training environment, and demographic characters on development of Persian-language in children. To achieve the stated goal 105 seven to eights students wer More
      Aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of cognitive abilities, socio-economic status, home literacy training environment, and demographic characters on development of Persian-language in children. To achieve the stated goal 105 seven to eights students were selected on the basis of cluster sampling. These children’s mothers responded Home Literacy Environment and demographics questionnaires and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) and Test of Language Development (TOLD-P3) were administered on children. Results showed that all components of verbal IQ correlated with language development positively, but in non-verbal components, picture completion, mazes, geometric design and blocks were correlated positively with some components of language development such as relational vocabulary, oral vocabulary, grammatic understanding and semantics. In addition, language and literacy related resources and parents’ positive model in home literacy environment questionnaire were positively related to a number of language development components (such as picture vocabulary, oral vocabulary and relational vocabulary). The results of trend analysis using ANOVA indicated that parents’ education and family income improved language development, but there is no difference in language development between children who have been in daycare and children who haven’t been, and at this age, language development did not differ between males and females. In conclusion, it seems that Persian-speaking children's intelligence can predict their language development to some extent and families' income and parents’ education, as well as, home literacy environment impact children's language development of Persian-speaking children. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      9 - Compare the Effectiveness of Group Therapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Reducing Anxiety of Mothers of Autistic Children
      Javad Ejei Maryam Sayadshirazy Masoud Gholamali Lavasani Abdolrahim Kasaei Esfahani
      Issue 1 , Vol. 22 , Spring 2018
      This study investigated the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment (ACT) compared with cognitive-behavior therapy on decreasing anxiety and increasing acceptance of mothers of autistic children. This study was quasi-experimental design with pr More
      This study investigated the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment (ACT) compared with cognitive-behavior therapy on decreasing anxiety and increasing acceptance of mothers of autistic children. This study was quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test with control group. The experimental groups were consisted of two groups based on acceptance and commitment group therapy (ACT) and cognitive- behavioral therapy (CBT) respectively. Both groups were received ten sessions treatment. 12 people were employed in the control group who were not treated. In order to evaluate the level of anxiety and acceptance, two questionnaires were used: Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II). Comparing treatment groups showed that between the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment with cognitive behavioral therapy on reducing maternal anxiety and promoting acceptance was not significantly different. However, the impact of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment in pre-test and follow-up was more than cognitive behavior therapy. Therefore, the current research and ACT provide empirical support for mothers with ASD children. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      10 - The Effectiveness of Training of Emotionally-Focused Approach on Couple Burnout and Couples Tendency for Divorce
      Mohammad Mohammadi Javad Ejei Masoud Gholamali Lavasani
      Issue 4 , Vol. 22 , Winter 2018
      The present research was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of training of emotionally-focused approach on couple burnout and tendency for divorce in couples. The population included all the couples who visited the Health House because of marital problem and conflic More
      The present research was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of training of emotionally-focused approach on couple burnout and tendency for divorce in couples. The population included all the couples who visited the Health House because of marital problem and conflict and lack of intimacy in their relationships. In the present research, by using available sampling method, 20 couples were selected who had the highest scores in the research questionnaire, and their assigned into two groups experiment and control (10 couples per group). Data gathering tools in the present research were Pains Couple Burnout Measure (1996) and the Divorce Tendency Scale of Roswelt, Jonson &, Moro (DTS) (1986), which were completed by the participations of both groups before and after the intervention. The results of the multivariate covariance analysis suggested that the training of emotionally-focused approach has led to significant decrease in couple burnout and two components of emotional exhaustion and mental fatigue in couples of the experiment group, but it has not been effective on reducing physical fatigue of the couples. Other results indicated that tendency to divorce in couples of the experiment group has had significant reduction compared to the control group. According to the findings of the present research, it can be concluded that training of the emotionally-focused approach has been able to be effective on reducing couple burnout and tendency to divorce in couples. Counselors and family therapists can use the findings of the present research for their clinical and therapeutic interventions. Manuscript profile
    Upcoming Articles

    • Open Access Article

      1 - Developmental Trajectories of Cognitive Intelligence in Iranian Preschoolers children
      Mohsen Dadjoo Shahriar Gharibzadeh
      The present study has aimed to investigate the developmental trajectories of cognitive intelligence in Iranian preschoolers to provide earlier prevention or intervention. The study sample was 433 healthy Iranian children (girl=47.8%) from Tehran, Bandar Abbas, Mashhad, More
      The present study has aimed to investigate the developmental trajectories of cognitive intelligence in Iranian preschoolers to provide earlier prevention or intervention. The study sample was 433 healthy Iranian children (girl=47.8%) from Tehran, Bandar Abbas, Mashhad, Zarand, and Tabriz, who ranged from 48 to 78 months. The third Persian version of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence was used to assess cognitive intelligence. A positive moderate (.3<r<.7) significant Pearson correlation was observed among 22 cases out of 42 correlations. It indicates a high internal correlation of cognitive components. The results of ANOVA showed no significant difference among Verbal Intelligence, Performance Intelligence, and overall Intelligence, in boys and girls. Results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed there were significant differences among developmental trajectories of Verbal Intelligence, Performance Intelligence, and overall Intelligence among the six-month age groups, which were followed up by the Games-Howell post-hoc test. Significant increase (p<.01) in cognitive intelligence at 48 to 78 months of age indicates that this age is one of the critical periods associated with the development of cognitive ability. Founded developmental trajectories in present study, can help administrators and professionals to cause better planning for early childhood. Manuscript profile

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      2 - Prevalence of psychological problems of mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the Covid-19 outbreak: The role of social support, social problem-solving and resilience
      Saeed Ariapooran Maryam Neisari
      The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of psychological problems of mothers of ADHD children in the COVID-19 outbreak: the role of social support, social problem-solving and resilience. 136 mothers participated in the study by convenience sampling More
      The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of psychological problems of mothers of ADHD children in the COVID-19 outbreak: the role of social support, social problem-solving and resilience. 136 mothers participated in the study by convenience sampling method and completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, Revised Social Problem-Solving Inventory (Short Form) and resilience scale (Short Form) were used to collect the data. Descriptive results showed that 41.91% of mothers had moderate to very severe depression, 58.82% had moderate to very severe anxiety, and 49.27% had moderate to very severe stress. There is a significant negative relationship between social support, positive social problem-solving styles (positive orientation and logical style) and resilience with psychological problems and a negative relationship between negative social problem-solving styles with psychological problems. The stepwise regression results confirmed the significant role of negative social problem-solving styles, positive social problem-solving styles, resilience and social support in predicting the psychological problems of mothers of ADHD children in the Covid-19 outbreak, respectively. Based on the results, strengthening the social support and paying attention to psychological strategies based on positive social problem solving and resilience to reduce the psychological problems of mothers with ADHD children is recommended. Manuscript profile

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      3 - The Prediction of Personality Disorders based on Complex Trauma and Object Relations with the Mediating of Ego Empowerment in Student teachers
      Jamshid Jarareh Omid Seifouri
      The aim of this study was to examine the prediction of personality disorders based on complex trauma and object relations with the mediating of ego empowerment. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study was all ma More
      The aim of this study was to examine the prediction of personality disorders based on complex trauma and object relations with the mediating of ego empowerment. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study was all male and female undergraduate students of Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University in Tehran in the first semester of the academic year 2020-2021. A total of 161 girls and boys participated in this study by available random sampling method. To collect research data, Scales of Personality Questionnaire (SCID-II), Bell Object Relationship Questionnaire (BORI), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Ego Empowerment Scale (PIES) were used. The collected data were analyzed through Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis. The findings showed Complex trauma and object relationships with the mediating role of ego empowerment predict personality disorders in student-teachers. And there is a relationship between personality disorders and complex trauma, between personality disorders and object relationships, and between personality disorders and ego empowerment in student-teachers. Also, object relationships with the mediating role of ego empowerment predict personality disorders in student-teachers. In general, when a childhood complex trauma and weak object relations with parents develops in the student teachers, the ego also grows poorly, and as a result, the student teachers are exposed to personality disorders Manuscript profile

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      4 - The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Difficulties in Emotional Regulation and Cognitive Flexibility in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
      Farzin Bagheri Sheykhangafshe Maryam Saeedi Vahid  Savabi Niri Zahra  Nakhostin Asef Zeynab  Bourbour
      The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on difficulties in emotional regulation and cognitive flexibility in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The research method was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a More
      The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on difficulties in emotional regulation and cognitive flexibility in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The research method was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group. In this study, 30 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder syndrome were assigned to psychology clinics in Rasht in 2021 as a research sample in two experimental and control groups. Groups were assessed with questionnaires Padua obsessive-compulsive disorder by Sanavio (1988), Gratz & Roemer (2004) difficulties in emotional regulation, and Dennis & Vander Wal (2010) cognitive flexibility. After 10 sessions of 90 minutes of cognitive-behavioral therapy for the experimental group, participants again answered the research questionnaire. Findings showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy significantly reduces the difficulties in emotion regulation (rejection of emotional responses, difficulty in performing purposeful behavior, difficulty in controlling impulse, lack of emotional awareness, limited strategies, lack of Emotional state) and increased cognitive flexibility (P<0.001). Due to the problems that patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder have in emotional and cognitive dimensions, it is necessary to pay more attention to these cases in the treatment process. Manuscript profile

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      5 - Investigating the Relationship between early Maladaptive Schemas and Acadmic Procrastination with the Mediating Role of Personality Traits and Perfectionism
      sadegh hekmatiyan fard Seyed Mousa  Golestaneh
      The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and Acadmic procrastination with the mediating role of personality traits and perfectionism. The method of the present study is descriptive-correlational and was performed by str More
      The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and Acadmic procrastination with the mediating role of personality traits and perfectionism. The method of the present study is descriptive-correlational and was performed by structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study consisted of 8640 students of Persian Gulf University in 1400. 301 students were selected by purposive sampling method and completed the maladaptive schemas questionnaire (ISQ), active procrastination scale (APS), passive procrastination scale (PPS), hexaco personality questionnaire (HPQ) and multidimensional perfectionist structures questionnaire (MPCQ) Structural equation model and SPSS and AMOS software were used to analyze the data. The results of structural equation model showed that the direct relationship between maladaptive schema variable with perfectionism and maladaptive schema with personality traits is significant. Also, the direct relationship between personality traits andAcadmic procrastination was significant, but the direct relationship between perfectionism and Acadmic procrastination was not significant. Indirect relationships of incompatible schema with Acadmic procrastination were also significant through personality traits, but indirect relationships of incompatible schema with Acadmic procrastination through perfectionism were not significant. Based on the research findings, we conclude that maladaptive schemas are well associated with Acadmic procrastination through personality traits. At the end, the necessary suggestions were presented. Manuscript profile

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      6 - Family Cohesion and Parent Abuse: The Mediating Role of Domestic Violence, Marital Conflict, Self-Esteem and Resilience
      ذبیح اله عباس پور Razieh Nazarian Samani Khadijeh Shiralinia
      The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of domestic violence, marital conflict, self-esteem and resilience in the relationship between family cohesion and parent abuse in first and second grade male and female high school students in Shahrekord. The More
      The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of domestic violence, marital conflict, self-esteem and resilience in the relationship between family cohesion and parent abuse in first and second grade male and female high school students in Shahrekord. The statistical population of this study was all male and female high school students in Shahrekord and their mothers, 779 of whom were selected by convenience sampling. Instruments in this study were Parent Abuse Scale (PAP-bv), Parent Abuse Scale (PAP-gm), Child Exposure to Domestic Violence (VCED), Parental Marital Conflict Scale (PMCS), Samani Family Cohesion Questionnaire (SFC) Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RIS). The model evaluation was made by path analysis method. The results of correlation coefficients showed that there were significant positive correlations between domestic violence and marital conflict and parent abuse, and that there were significant negative correlations between family cohesion, self-esteem and resilience and parent abuse. The final model showed good fitness. The results of path analysis showed that family cohesion has a direct and indirect effect on parent abuse through domestic violence, marital conflict, self-esteem and resilience. Manuscript profile

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      7 - The effectiveness of life skills training (negative mood coping and stress management ) on cognitive regulation strategies in gifted female students
      zahra mohammadnia mahdi shahnazari bita nasrollahi
      Abstract Aim: The purpose of this research is to study the effectiveness of life skills training on cognitive emotion regulation strategies of gifted female students. Method: The present study is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design and fol More
      Abstract Aim: The purpose of this research is to study the effectiveness of life skills training on cognitive emotion regulation strategies of gifted female students. Method: The present study is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this study is female students studying in gifted schools in Tehran (secondary school) in the academic year of 1398-99. At first, all tenthth grade high school students (170 people) completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and among them, 32 students with lowest scores in resilient strategies were selected as a sample group, randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 16. One experimental group was given 12 sessions of training, while the control group did not receive any training. After the training sessions, post-test was performed for both experimental and control groups. Also, after a month and a half in the follow-up phase, both groups were tested. Results: Using the mixed variance analysis method, the results show that life skills training significantly caused the experimental group to receive higher average scores in acceptance strategies, refocusing, positive refocus and putting into perspective on post-test and follow-up stages compared to the pre-test stage. The study also uses non-adaptive strategies to reduce self-blame and rumination in gifted female students. Conclusion: Teaching life skills in gifted students significantly increases the use of adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and decreases the use of non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Manuscript profile

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      8 - The Comparison of Resilience and Perceived Social support in infertile women with High and Low Levels of Infertility Stigma
      mahdieh shafieetabar
      This study aimed to compare resilience and perceived social support in infertile women with high and low levels of infertility stigma. The design of the present study was a descriptive and causal-comparative design. The statistical population was infertile women who ref More
      This study aimed to compare resilience and perceived social support in infertile women with high and low levels of infertility stigma. The design of the present study was a descriptive and causal-comparative design. The statistical population was infertile women who referred to Jihad Arak University's Royan Infertility Center in 1401. 98 infertile women were selected as the research sample by available and purposeful sampling method (49 infertile women with high and 49 infertile women with low levels of infertility stigma). Participants answered the Infertility Stigma Consciousness Questionnaire, Resilience Scale and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The present study showed that infertile women with high levels of infertility stigma had significantly lower scores than the comparing group in resilience and perceived social support (P<0.05). Findings of this study clarify the importance of paying attention to psycho-social factors in dealing with the stigma of infertility. Manuscript profile

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      9 - Evaluating the Model of Relationship Between Mindfulness and Marital Relationship Quality with Mediator Role of Savoring Beliefs and Gratitude
      Zabihollah Kavehfarsani mohsen nazarifar fatemeh mahmoudi
      The purpose of the present study was evaluating the model of relationship between mindfulness and marital quality with mediator role of savoring beliefs and gratitude. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The study population consisted of the all married m More
      The purpose of the present study was evaluating the model of relationship between mindfulness and marital quality with mediator role of savoring beliefs and gratitude. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The study population consisted of the all married men and women who living in Esfahan in 2021, among whom 258 were selected using convenience sampling method and completed perceived marital quality, gratitude questionnaire, mindful attention awareness scale and the savoring beliefs inventory. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used through SPSS (version 24) and AMOS (version 24) software to analyze the data. The results showed a positive and significant relationship marital relationship quality, mindfulness, savoring beliefs and gratitude (p <0.001). The indirect effect of savoring beliefs and gratitude through mindfulness on marital relationship quality and also the indirect effect of mindfulness on gratitude through savoring beliefs were confirmed (p<0.05). Therefore, it is suggested that counselors and psychologists in the field of family use the results of this study to improve the marital relationship quality and individual life of families and by using measures to improve and use mindfulness skills, experiences of savoring beliefs and gratitude for Increase the marital relationship quality in their educational and clinical work. Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      10 - Explaining the prediction model of students' marital conflicts based on basic needs
      Abdollah  Shafiabady Kobra Ghasemi moghaddam Asghar Sharifi
      The aim of this study was to explain the model of predicting marital conflicts of students based on basic needs. This study is of descriptive method and the design is correlational based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all married s More
      The aim of this study was to explain the model of predicting marital conflicts of students based on basic needs. This study is of descriptive method and the design is correlational based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all married students of 4 Azad University of Tehran in 2018. A sample of 172 students of Islamic Azad University (131 females, 41 males) were selected by cluster sampling method and within each cluster through purposive sampling method. Data were collected using Marital Conflict Questionnaires (MCQ) and Glaser's Basic Needs and analyzed using spss-22 software. The findings indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between the levels of satisfaction of basic needs. The correlation between marital conflicts with the need for love and belonging and the need to pleasure is also negative and significant. The correlation between the five basic needs is positive and significant; therefore, marital conflicts can be predicted using basic needs. Manuscript profile

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      11 - Designing a "rehabilitation counseling protocol based on short term dynamic psychotherapy" according experience of people with albinism
      Taher Alizadeh Bahman Bahmani Mohammad Saeed Khanjani Manouchehr  Azkhosh shima shakiba
      This research aimed to design a rehabilitation counseling protocol based on short-term dynamic psychotherapy according to the experiences of people with albinism. The current type of research was mixed, applied, and qualitative in the content analysis method. The statis More
      This research aimed to design a rehabilitation counseling protocol based on short-term dynamic psychotherapy according to the experiences of people with albinism. The current type of research was mixed, applied, and qualitative in the content analysis method. The statistical population of this research was people with albinism in 2019. 13 people with albinism were purposefully selected to participate in the study. To collect data in the qualitative part, semi-structured interviews were used and the data were analyzed with MAXQDA software. To measure the content validity of the developed package, the validity coefficient of Lavshe was used. 3 main themes and 29 secondary themes were obtained from the interviews. Then, by reviewing the study of literature and psychodynamic approaches, a rehabilitation counseling protocol based on short-term dynamic psychotherapy was developed in 3 phases, and it was given to 9 short-term dynamic psychotherapists to check its content validity. According to the approval of this protocol by experts, the prepared protocol can be used as a rehabilitation intervention for people with albinism Manuscript profile

    • Open Access Article

      12 - The mediating role of self-criticism in the relationship between narcissism and suicidal thoughts in adolescents
      Mohammad Basereh Shahram Mami
      The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of self-criticism in the relationship between narcissism and suicidal thoughts in adolescents. The current research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population in this researc More
      The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of self-criticism in the relationship between narcissism and suicidal thoughts in adolescents. The current research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population in this research was all boys and girls aged 14 to 18 in Ilam city, 374 of whom were selected using Cochran's sample size determination form by convenience sampling method . The information of this research was collected through Thompson Self-Criticism Questionnaire 2004(LOSC), Ames Narcissism Questionnaire 2006(NPI-16) and Beck Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire 1979(BSSI). Structural equation analysis (SEM) and Sobel test were used for data analysis. The results showed that the direct effect of narcissism and suicidal thoughts (P=0.001), narcissism and self-criticism (P=0.005), self-criticism and suicidal thoughts (P=0.002) and the indirect effect of narcissism and suicidal thoughts with mediation Self-criticism is meaningful. The research model had a favorable value and the research results showed that there is a significant relationship between narcissism and suicidal thoughts based on the mediating role of self-criticism in teenagers،In other words, with the increase of self-criticism in narcissistic teenagers, the amount of suicidal thoughts increases. Manuscript profile
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