مسیرهای تحولی هوش شناختی در کودکان پیشدبستانی ایرانی
محورهای موضوعی : روانشناسی
محسن دادجو
1
(پژوهشکده علوم شناختی و مغز، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران)
شهریار غریب زاده
2
(پژوهشکده علوم شناختی و مغز، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران)
مهتا واجدی مجرد
3
(کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی عمومی، دانشگاه پیام نور، واحد تهران جنوب، تهران، ایران.)
الهه سبحانی
4
(کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی عمومی، دانشگاه آزاد، واحد رودهن، تهران، ایران .)
کلید واژه: هوش شناختی, مسیر تحولی, پیشدبستانی, اوایل کودکی, مقیاس هوش پیشدبستانی وکسلر,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف مطالعه حاضر، بررسی مسیرهای تحولی هوش شناختی در کودکان پیشدبستانی ایرانی جهت پیشگیری یا مداخله زودهنگام بوده است. نمونه موردمطالعه، 433 کودک سالم ایرانی (دختر=47.8 درصد) از پنج شهر شامل تهران، بندرعباس، مشهد، زرند و تبریز و در گستره 48 تا 78 ماهگی بود. جهت سنجش هوش شناختی، از نسخه سوم فارسی مقیاس هوش اولیه پیشدبستانی وکسلر استفاده شد. از 42 مورد همبستگی موجود ، 22 مورد همبستگی پیرسون مثبت متوسط (.3<r<.7) مشاهدهشد که بیانگر همبستگی درونی بالای مؤلفههای شناختی هست. نتایج تحلیل واریانس یکطرفه نشان داد که تفاوت معناداری بین میانگین هوش کلامی، هوش عملی و هوش کلی در پسران و دختران وجود ندارد. نتایج آزمون کروسکال-والیس نشان داد که تغییرات معناداری بین مسیر تحولی هوش کلامی، هوش عملی و هوش کلی در دسته های سنی ششماهه وجود دارد که با آزمون تعقیبی گیمز-هاول این تغییرات بهطور دقیق تر بررسی شد. افزایش معنادار (p<.01) هوش شناختی در 48 تا 78 ماهگی، نشان میدهد که این سن، یکی از دورههای حیاتی مرتبط با تحول توانایی شناختی است. مسیرهای تحولی هوش شناختی یافته شده در پژوهش حاضر، میتواند به برنامهریزان و متخصصین کمک کند تا برنامه ریزی سودمندتری جهت اوایل کودکی داشته باشند.
The present study has aimed to investigate the developmental trajectories of cognitive intelligence in Iranian preschoolers to provide earlier prevention or intervention. The study sample was 433 healthy Iranian children (girl=47.8%) from Tehran, Bandar Abbas, Mashhad, Zarand, and Tabriz, who ranged from 48 to 78 months. The third Persian version of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence was used to assess cognitive intelligence. A positive moderate (.3<r<.7) significant Pearson correlation was observed among 22 cases out of 42 correlations. It indicates a high internal correlation of cognitive components. The results of ANOVA showed no significant difference among Verbal Intelligence, Performance Intelligence, and overall Intelligence, in boys and girls. Results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed there were significant differences among developmental trajectories of Verbal Intelligence, Performance Intelligence, and overall Intelligence among the six-month age groups, which were followed up by the Games-Howell post-hoc test. Significant increase (p<.01) in cognitive intelligence at 48 to 78 months of age indicates that this age is one of the critical periods associated with the development of cognitive ability. Founded developmental trajectories in present study, can help administrators and professionals to cause better planning for early childhood.
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