A Model of the Relationship Between Work Engagement and Job Burnout with Depression and Happiness in Employed Men: The Mediating Role of Positive and Negative Work-Family Spillover and Stress
Keywords: work engagement, job burnout, positive and negative work-family spillover, perceived stress, happiness ,
Abstract :
This study aimed to determine the role of stress and positive/negative work-family spillover -as related to work engagement and burnout- in predicting depression and happiness among employed men. This descriptive-correlational study utilized Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The statistical population comprised employed men in Isfahan city, from which a sample of 181 individuals was selected using a convenience sampling method. Participants completed the Short Form Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (Schaufeli et al., 2002), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach & Jackson, 1981), the Work-Family Positive and Negative Spillover Scale (Grzywacz & Marks, 1999), the Perceived Stress Scale (Warttig et al., 2013), the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (Hills & Argyle, 2002), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) (BDI-II). The findings showed that work engagement exerted a direct positive and significant effect on happiness (β=0.40, P<0.05), and an additional significant indirect effect on happiness was observed through positive work-family spillover (β =0.05, P<0.05). Furthermore, burnout led to a reduction in happiness among employed men via two distinct indirect pathways: first, through the mediation of negative work-family spillover (β=-0.08, P<0.05), and second, through a serial mediating pathway including negative work-family spillover followed by perceived stress (β=0.03, P<0.05). Moreover, burnout demonstrated a direct association with depression (β=-0.19, P<0.05) and contributed to an increase in depressive symptoms via the serial indirect pathway from negative work-family spillover to perceived stress (β=-0.04, $P<0.05). The final model demonstrated good fit with the data across absolute, incremental, and parsimony indices (GFI=0.941; TLI=0.939; RMSEA=0.067).
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